STP

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol used to prevent loops in network topologies, particularly in Ethernet networks. STP operates by creating a spanning tree that identifies the best path for data to travel, while disabling redundant paths that could create loops. This ensures a loop-free network environment, reducing broadcast storms and improving network stability. STP dynamically recalculates the spanning tree if network changes occur, such as link failures or additions, ensuring continuous and reliable network operation. Variants of STP, such as Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), offer enhanced features and faster convergence times.